Human Biology (MLTS2102)

Biological Science - BS

Semester: Resit

Level: 200

Year: 2018

Answers (200 )
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON THE UNIVERSITY OF
Peace-Work-Fatherland BAMENDA
P. O. BOX 39 Bambili
School/Faculty: _Science __________________ Department: Biological Sciences
Lecturer(s): _Dr. Salah/ Ournar/ Kada_____________
Course Code:_____MLTS2102________ Course Title: _Human Biology
Date: _02/08/2018_______Hall: ______PBA07 _______Time: _7h30-10h30_______
➢ Instructions: Answer all questions beginning with any part of your choice
A. Multiple choice: Select the best response for each question. (44 Marks)
1. Name the levels of organization in the human body in order
(a) Tissue, organ, organ system
(b) Organ system, tissue organs, cells
(c) Cells, tissue, organs, organ system
(d) Cells, organs, tissue, organ system
2. What is a cell?
(a) The basic unit of structure and function in all nonliving things
(b) clear, Jelly like substance
(c) Cell membrane
(d) The basic unit structure and function of all living things
3. What are connective tissues?
(a) Brain cells that enable you to think, see, hear
(b) the three connecting tissues
(c) Provides support for your body and connects all its parts
(d) Transforms materials to and from cells
4. What are epithelial tissue?
(a) A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out.
(b) The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen
(c) Leaving a population
(d) All of the above
5. what are organs?
(a) A group of organs that work together to form a major function
(b) A structure composed of different kinds of tissue
(c) The basic unit of structure in all living things
(d) Bone tissues.
6. What is homeostasis?
(a) The body’s tendency to keep an internal balance
(b) Cell wall
(c) Peninsula
(d) Staying hydrated
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7. Homeostatic mechanisms:
(a) Keep variables exactly at the set point.
(b) Help to keep a relatively constant internal environment in the body.
(c) act to keep values out of normal range
(d) usually operate by positive feedback
(e) produce most disease conditions
8. Negative-feedback mechanisms:
(a) are not homeostatic
(b) are rare in healthy individuals
(c) respond by making deviations from normal even larger
(d)are counteracted by most medical therapy
(e) may have a receptor, a control center, and an effector
9. Which of these conditions indicate positive feedback has occurred?
(a) Blood pressure decreases greatly; blood flow to the heart is inadequate, and blood pressure decreases
(b) Hot temperatures increase your body temperature above normal; you sweat
(c) Cold temperatures decrease your body temperature below normal; you shiver.
(d) Blood pressure decreases; as a result, your heart rate increases.
10. A term that means “toward the midline” is:
(a) distal (b) lateral (c) medial (d) proximal (e) superior
11. Coronal (frontal) planes divide the body into ____ portions.
(a) right and left (b) anterior and posterior (c) superior and inferior (d) dorsal and ventral (e) both b and d
12. Which of these planes can divide the body into equal halves?
(a) frontal (coronal) (b) median (c) transverse (d) sagittal
13. which of these statements concerning body regions is correct?
(a) the trunk region between the thorax and pelvis is the abdomen
(b) the leg extends from the hip to the ankle
(c) The forearm extends from the shoulder to the wrist
(d) the trunk can be divided into the thorax and pelvis
(e) the thorax is often subdivided superficially into four quadrants.
14. Which of these statements correctly describes atomic position?
(a) A person that is lying supine with arms at the side is in anatomic position
(b) A person that is lying prone with arms at the side is in anatomic position
(c) A person standing erect that is facing forward with the arms hanging to the sides with the palms of the
hands facing forward is in anatomic position
(d) A person standing erect that is facing forward with the arms hanging to the sides with the palms of the
hands facing forward is in anatomic position.
(e) A person standing erect that is facing forward with the arms hanging to the sides with the palms of the
hands facing laterally is in anatomic position.
15. Dense connective tissue:
(a) may be regular as in ligament and joints
(b) may be irregular as in tendons
(c) is either white or black
(d) contains more fibers but fewer
(e) c & d are correct
16. The active bone-forming cells produced from osteogenic periosteum and from another osteogenic
layer are:
(a) osteoclast (b) chondrocytes (c) osteocytes (d) chondroblasts (e) none of the above
17. A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is:
(a) cartilaginous tissue (b) muscular tissue (c) adipose tissue (d) epithelial tissue
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18. Epithelial tissue is characterized by
(a) tightly packed cells (b) absence of any basement membrane (c) extensive extracellular matrix (d) a rich
blood supply
19. The various types of epithelium are classified by the:
(a) size and shape of cells
(b) shape of cells and number of cell layers
(c) number of cell layers and size of the cells
(d) size and location of cells
20. The lining of blood capillaries supplying body cells with oxygen and nutrients, are expected to
consist of:
(a) connective tissue (b) simple squamous epithelium (c) stratified squamous epithelium (d) simple
columnar epithelium
21. Glands with a single duct are called:
(a) simple (b) compound (c) acinar (d) alveolar
22. In a(n) ______ gland, entire cells break down to form the secretion:
(a) exocrine (b) merocrine (c) holocrine (d) autocrine
23. what is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
(a) they have different bone marrow
(b) they are made of different materials
(c) they have different sizes of bone cells
(d) they have different arrangement of bone cells
24. which of the following statement is INCORRECT?
(a) Bone is where most blood cells are made.
(b) Bone serves as a storehouse for various minerals
(c) Bone is a dry and non-living supporting structure
(d) Bone protects and supports the body and its organs.
25. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of “bone remodeling”?
(a) Bone that develops during fetal development and stays with us for life
(b) removal of old bones by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts
(c) the construction of bone around blood vessels for a haversian canal
(d) the laying out of new bone in a fracture site.
26. The small vessels leaving a capillary network are ___.
a. arteries
b. veins
c. arterioles
d. venules
e. lymphatic capillaries
27. The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs is the ._____.
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle
e. aorta
28. The central nervous system consists of _.
a. the cranial nerves only
b. the brain only
c. the cranial nerves and brain
d. the brain and spinal cord
e. the spinal cord and spinal nerves.
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29. which transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system? ___
a. sensory nerves
b. mixed nerves
c. motor nerves
d. association nerves
e. efferent nerves
30. which are cells of the nervous system which support and protect neurons? __
a. otoliths
b. dendrites
c. neuroglia
d. thrombocytes
e. somatic cells
31. cells which are arranged along the length of axons in the peripheral nervous system, and which form
the myelin sheath in the PNS are ___.
a. oligodendrocytes
b. Schwann cells
c. cells of Ranvier
d. neuronocytes
e. sclerocytes
32. A nerve impulse typically begins when ___ rush into a neuron reversing the internal charge, then ____
rush out of the neuron and begins repolarization.
a. potassium ions, sodium ions
b. sodium ions, potassium ions
c. sodium ions, calcium ions
d. calcium ions, proteins
e. proteins, potassium ions.
33. which muscle is located at the junction of the stomach and small intestine, and allows food to enter the
small intestine? ___
a. anal sphincter
b. ileocolic sphincter
c. esophageal sphincter
d. pyloric sphincter
e. pharyngeal sphincter
34. the middle segment of the small intestine is the ______.
a. jejunum
b. duodenum
c. transverse colon
d. sigmoid segment
e. ileum
35. Which structure is located at the upper portion of the windpipe (trachea) ?___
a. esophagus
b. cecum
c. duodenum
d. larynx
e. appendix
36. Delicate projections which cover the outer surfaces of the mucosal cells of the small intestine, and
which function to increase the amount of surface area available for absorption are _____.
a. mitochondrial
b. microvilli
c. lacteals
d. chylomicrons
e. cirrhosis
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37. the portion of the colon which is directly attached to the cecum is the ____.
a. appendix
b. jejunum
c. descending colon
d. sigmoid colon
e. ascending colon
38. Which is not a major function of hydrochloric acid? ___
a. it kills microorganisms such as bacteria in food
b. it activates pepsinogen to form pepsin
c. it converts trypsinogen to trypsin
d. it softens tough connective tissue in meats and fibers in fruits.
39. Which is produced by cells lining the small intestine? ___
a. disaccharidases
b. lipase
c. amylase
d. trypsin
e. nucleases
40. Prior to leaving the stomach, a solid meal is converted into semi liquid called ________.
a. mucus
b. chime
c. feces
d. gastric juice
e. lymph
41. Cerebellum controls all the following except:
a. Muscle tone
b. Posture
c. Coordination
d. Balance
e. heart beat
42. what is correct for Midbrain?
a. Relays sensory signals between the spinal cord and thalamus
b. Relays motor signals between cerebral cortex, pons, & spinal cord
c. Controls reflexive movements of head & eyeballs in response to visual stimuli;
d. Controls reflexive movements of head & trunk in response to auditory stimuli;
e. All of the above
43. What is correct for Pons?
a. Bulging brainstem region between midbrain & medulla oblongata;
b. Mostly composed of fiber tracts (white matter);
c. Relays signals between medulla and superior parts of the brain; between cerebellar hemispheres, and
between cerebellum & cerebrum;
d. Contains some grey matter areas involved in the fine tuning of respiration, aiding in the establishment of
normal breathing rhythm.
e. None of the above.
44. What is incorrect for Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):
a. Circulates through ventricles of the brain, into subarachnoid space & down central canal of the spinal
cord;
b. Fluid returns to blood through arachnoid villi;
c. Brain floats in CSF- Protection against mechanical injury
d. Does not serve as a medium for nutrients & waste exchange between blood and brain;
e. Forms and drains at constant rate; normal volume is maintained at about 150ml.
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B. Answer by True or False. For each question, write down the letter follows by T if it is correct answer or
F if it is incorrect answer. (40 marks).
NB: A wrong choice for a question cancel the correct one.
45. Astrocytes:
a. star-shaped, these cells account for almost half of all neural tissue.
b. Brace & anchor neurons to blood vessels (capillaries)
c. Form a “living barrier”
d. Phagocytes that dispose of dead brain cells, bacteria, etc. (i.e. immunity)
46. Microglia:
a. Star-shaped, these cells account for almost half of all neural tissue.
b. Brace & anchor neurons to blood vessels (capillaries)
c. Form a “living barrier”-e.g. the blood brain barrier-that materials must be filtered through before meeting
neurons (protect neurons)
d. Phagocytes that dispose of dead brain cells, bacteria etc. (i.e. immunity)
47. it is specific CNS supporting cells:
a. Astrocytes
b. Microglia
c. Ependyme Cells
d. Oligodendrocytes
48. What is correct about sensory neuron?
a. Information sent to the CNS
b. cell bodies found in ganglia outside the CNS
c. Information carried from the CNS to viscera, muscles and glands
d. Cell bodies are in the CNS
49. What is correct about motor neuron?
a. cell bodies found in ganglia outside the CNS
b. Dendrite endings are usually associated with specialized receptors,
c. Information carried from the CNS to viscera, muscles and glands
d. Cell bodies are in the CNS
50. A reflex Arc contains:
a. Receptor
b. Sensory neuron
c. Integration Center
d. Motor Neuron
e. Effector
51. What take place during depolarization?
a. Na
+
channels open;
b. Na
+
influxes into the neuron cytoplasm due to concentration gradient;
c. the inside of the neuron becomes more positive than outside
d. K
+
channels open
e. K
+
effluxes out of the neuron into the interstitial fluid due to the concentration gradient
52. What takes place during repolarization?
a. changes in the local electrical environment trigger repolarization;
b. Na
+
channels closes;
c. K
+
channels open
d. K
+
effluxes out of the neuron into the interstitial fluid due to the concentration gradient
e. The inside of the neuron becomes more positive than the outside
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53. Nerve Impulse Events are:
a. Resting potential
b. Threshold stimulus
c. Na
+
channels open
d. Na
+
ions diffuse in, causing depolarization
e. K
+
channels open
B. Comparisons (6 Marks)
54. The capillary network is to the circulatory system as they are to the lymphatic system.
a. Lymphatic vessels
b. Lymphatic arteries
c. Lymphatic capillaries
d. Lymphatic venules
e. none of these
55. Pulmonary circulation is to the right ventricle as systemic circulation is to the __.
a. aorta
b. right artrium
c. left artrium
d. left ventricle
e. lungs
56. The spinal cord is to the central nervous system as ___ are to the peripheral nervous
system.
a. dendrites
b. oligodendrocytes
c. cranial nerves
d. action potentials
e. neurotransmitters
57. ____ are to myelinated CNS neurons, as Schwann cells are to myleinated PNS neurons.
a. oligodendrocytes
b. Sensory neurons
c. Motor neurons
d. Mixed neurons
e. Synapses
58. Relaxation is to a defensive response as __.
a. the CNS is to the PNS
b. the sympathetic nervous system is to the PNS
c. the parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system
e. the sympathetic nervous system is to the parasympathetic nervous system.
59. the _____ is to the stomach as the ileum is to the large intestine.
a. esophagus
b. rectum
c. pharynx
d. duodenum
e. cecum
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C. Matching: Match each term with its definition or best description. (8 marks)
__60. Nerves that transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS a. synapse
__61. Nerves that transmit impulses from the CNS to the effectors b. node of Ranvier
__62. Extensions of neurons which send impulses to the cell body c. white matter
__63. A tiny gap between adjacent Schwann cell on an axon d. motor
__64. A minimum stimulus needed to produce a nerve impulse e. dendrites
__65. A junction between two adjacent nerve cells f. sensory
__66. Nerve tissue containing myelinated neurons g. threshold
__67. Also known as the eardrum h. lymphatic membrane
Goodluck!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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