Human Biology Questions

Human Biology (MLTS2101)

BSc, Biochemistry - BCHS

Semester: First Semester

Level: 200

Year: 2013

Answers (200 )

HUMAN BIOLOGY (BIOS 2101): CONTINOUS ASSESEMENT, FIRST SEMESTER

Saturday 10

December 2013, 13h00-14h00, Course Instructor: Dr SALAH/KAGA

Instructions: All the questions are multiple choice questions. Select and write down only the

question number and the letter corresponding to the correct answer in your answer sheets. A

good answer is 1 mark and the wrong answer is -0.5 mark. Answer all the questions and

return back the exam questions

1. lipid bilayer is: (a) hydrophilic (b) hydrophobic (c) hydrophilic and hydrophobic (d)

depends of the surrounding medium (e) None of the above

2. In cell membrane, carbohydrates in glycoproteins or glycolipids are oriented:

a) towards outside, b) towards inside, c) towards outside and inside, d) randomly distributed.

3. Which of the following transport induces conformational change in protein: (a) simple

diffusion (b) Active transport (c) facilitated diffusion (d) ion drive and active transport (e) a

and b

4. The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include:

(a) Separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell (b) Regulation of

molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell (c) Recognition and communication

between different cells and tissues. (d) Recognition and communication between different

cells and tissues (e) production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.

5. Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma

membrane?

(a) forming a channel through the membrane. (b) Initiating the replication of the genetic

material (c) Binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane. (d) Acting as a receptor

for substances external to the (e) Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction.

6.Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon

(a) The size of the molecule

(b) the shape of the molecule

(d) the charge of the molecule

(e) All of the above.

7. Epithelial tissue is characterized by each of these traits, except that ____:

(a) it lacks blood vessels (b) it functions in secretion, absorption, and excretion (c) Epithelial

cells are loosely packed and have much intercellular material. (d) it is anchored to a basement

membrane. (e) None of the above.

8. Microvilli, which function to increase surface area, are more likely to be found in ____

epithelium

(a) simple cuboidal (b) simple squamous (c) transitional (d) simple columnar (e) none of the

above.

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9. Epithelium that appears layered due to the varying levels at which nuclei are found in cells,

but in reality is not layered, is ___

(a) Transitional epithelium

(b) pseudostratified columnar epithelium (c) stratified squamous epithelium

(d) stratified columnar epithelium

(e) c and d

10. The outer layer of the skin is composed of ____

a) transitional epithelium

(b) pseudostratified columnar epithelium

(d) stratified columnar epithelium

(e) none of the above

11. What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and is capable of distention?

a) stratified cuboidal epithelium

b) stratified squamous epithelium

c) transitional epithelium

d) stratified columnar epithelium

e) simple squamous epithelium

12. An exocrine gland that loses parts of its cell bodies during secretion, as is in the case for the

mammary gland, is further classified as a(n) ___ gland.

a) merocrine b) apocrine c) holocrine d) endocrine e) c and d

13. What function do fibroblasts serve in connective tissue?

a) carry on phagocytosis

b) secrete heparin that prevents blood clotting

c) secrete proteins that becomes fibers in the connective tissue matrix

d) release histamine associated with allergies and inflammation

e) all of the above

14. the type of cartilage found in intervertebral disks of the vertebral column is ____.

a) hyaline cartilage b) elastic cartilage c) yellow cartilage d) fibrocartilage e) a and c

15. The cells that directly and specifically secrete mucus are called ___ cells.

a) epithelial b) endocrine c) exocrine d) goblet e) a and c

16. Connective tissue is complex because it has a variety of cells and a non-cellular background called

a ___ surrounding them.

a) collagen b) elastin c) mucous secretion d) matrix e) none of these

17. Which of these is not a characteristic of tight junctions?

a) encircle epithelial cells near their apical surface

b) attach each cell to its neighbors by fusing plasma membranes

c) allow free flow of cytoplasm between neighboring cells

d) prevent substances from passing in between adjacent cells.

e) none of the above

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18. The major functions of loose connective tissue include

a) occupying spaces between organs and supporting epithelia

b) supporting and surrounding blood vessels and nerves

c) cushioning organs, storing lipids, and facilitating diffusion

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

19. Which of the following pairings is incorrect?

a) hyaline cartilage, aritcular ends of long bones

b) supporting connective tissue, blood

c)fibrocartilage, intervertebral discs and menisci

d) elastic cartilage, epiglottis and external ear

e) all of the above

20. The minute passageways in the bony matrix that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other

are called.

a) lamellae b) lacunae c) osteons d) canaliculi e) a and d

21. The functions of the skin include all of these except ____

a) taking in nutrients

b) preventing the entry of microorganisms

c) retarding water loss

d) regulating body temperature

e) all of the above

22. Within the skin, a basement membrane can be found separating the ___ and the ___.

a) epidermis; hypodermis

b) epidermis; dermis

c) dermis ; hypodermis

d) hypodermis ; underlying muscle

e) c and d

23. The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the ____.

a) stratum corneum

b) stratum granulosum

c) stratum spinosum

d) stratum basale

e) none of the above

24. melanocytes lie with in the ___ of the skin.

a) stratum corneum and top layers

b) deepest dermis

c) startum spinosum and stratum lucidum

d) stratum basale and upper dermis

e) c and d

25. Hairs arise from which layer of the skin?

a) dermis

b) stratum basale of the epidermis

c) subcutaneous layer

d) connective layer

e) hypodermis

26. Modified sweat glands, called ___________ glands, secrete wax in the ear canal.

a) sebaceous b) eccrine c) apocrine d) ceruminous e) thyroid gland

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27. The three structural classes of articulations are

a) synchondroses, symphyses, and fibrous joins

b) synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

c) fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints

d) gomphoses, sutures, and synostoses

e) all of the above

28. A synarthrosis found only between adjacent skull bones is a

a) syndesmosis b) symphysis c) suture

d) synchondrosis e) all of the above

29. All of the following characterize a synovial joint except

a) enclosed by a fibrous joint capsule

b) fluid-filled cavity separates articulating bones

c) typically permits little or no movement

d) articulating surfaces covered by articular cartilage

e) all of the above

30. Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?

a) attacks pathogens and foreign particles

b) lubricates the articulating surfaces

c) distributes stresses evenly across the joint

d) nourishes the articular cartilage’s chondrocytes

e) all of the above

31. Examples of _____ joints are found between the metacarpals and phalanges of fingers 2 through 5.

a) hinge b) condyloid c) pivot d) saddle e) all of these

32. The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called the _____

a) epiphysis

b) diaphysis

c) articular cartilage

d) periosteum

e) endosteum

33. Compact bone is made up of ____ cemented together.

a) osteocytes

b) perforating canals

c) osteons

d) trabeculae

e) a and c

34. Which of these statements is not true about intramembraneous bones?

a) They begin with a cartilage model

b) They form between flat sheets of connective tissue

c) Skull bones are formed in this way

d) osteoblasts deposit new bone along blood vessels with in the layers

e) none of the above

35. The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ____

a) osteoblasts b) osteocytes c) osteoclasts d) macrophages e) fobroblasts

36. Which of these factors is not necessary for normal bone growth and development ?

a) growth hormone

b) high fat diet

c) male and female sex hormones

d) vitamins A, C and D

e) none of the above

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37. The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult bone would contain___

a) compact bone mainly

b) spongy bone mainly

c) red bone marrow

d) yellow bone marrow

e) yellow and red bone marrow

38. The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing bone is called the _____

a) endosteum

b) periosteum

c) epiphyseal disk

d) articular cartilage

e) none of the above

39. A major difference better bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in which of the following?

a) The presence of elastic fivers in bone

b) The inability of bone cells to metabolize nutrients for energy

c) The limited blood suplly available to bone tissue

d) the presence of collagen fibers in bone

e) the composition of the intercellular substances of bone.

40. Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

a) testosterone

b) thyroxine

c) growth hormone

d) parathyroid hormone

e) calcitonin

41. Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of

a) a membranous model

b) a fibrous connective tissue mode

c) a calcified model

d) a cartilage model

e) no model at all, just the presence of osteoblasts

42. Blood helps to maintain homeostasis by

a) transporting materials between the tissue fluid and the external environment

b) ridding the body of wastes

c) breaking down nutrients

d) coordinating metabolic reactions

e) none of the above

43. Each body function on the left is correctly matched with the corresponding function of the bLood

on the right EXCEPT

a) respiration-transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

b) immune defense-platelet factors initiate clotting

c) acid-base balance- buffers acids and bases

d) thermoregulation- allows heat to escape from the body at the skin

e) none of the above

44. In which choice are the major groups of plasma proteins listed in order frm highest to lowest

percent?

a) fibrinogen, glubullins, albumins

b) globulin, fibrinogen, albumins

c) albumins, fibrinogen, globules

d) albumins, fibrinogen, globulins

e) none of the above

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45. In which choice is the plasma protein correctly matched with one of its function?

a)albumin- antibodies involved in immune response

b) fibrinogen- attacks and destroys pathogens

c) globulins-transport minerals, lipids, hormones and vitamins

d) globulins- colloid osmotic pressure

e) all of the above.

46. The benefit of the biconcave shape of red blood cells is that it

a) decreases the distance between the cell membrane and hemoglobin molecules, facilitating oxygen

uptake

b) allows the cells to hold more hemoglobin

c) gives more room for the nucleus and organelles

d) keeps them from leaking out through the walls of capillaries

e) c and d

47. Blood cells all develop from a common stem cell in bone marrow, but early in development they

split into separate lineages, which three of these cells develop from the myeloblast lineage?

a) basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil

b) lymphocyte, monocyte, erythrocyte

c) thrombocyte, erythrocyte, lymphocyte

d) monocyte, erythrocyte, neutrophil

e) none of the above.

48. In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most

are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in chronological order?

a) bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

b) bone marrow; spleen; blood vessels

c) spleen; blood vessels; spleen

d) blood vessel; spleen; bone marrow

e) none of the above

49. During platelet plug formation, platelets release these substances, which cause more platelets to

adhere to the plug.

a) prostacycline and NO

b) erythroploletin and billrubin

c) heparin and plasmin

d)ADP and thromboxanes

e) a and c

50. A person with type O

blood would

a) make anti Rh antibodies if exposed to the Rh antigen

b) have neither anti-A nor anti-B in his plasma

c) have Rh but not A or B antigens on his RBCs

d) be able to receive type A+, B+ or AB+ in a transfusion if necessary

e) all of the above.

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