Human Pathology (MLTS2202)

Biological Science - BS

Semester: Second Semester

Level: 200

Year: 2019

Answers (200 )
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA
Peace-Work-Fatherland
P. O. BOX 39 Bambili
School/Faculty: _SCIENCE____________ Department:_Biological Sciences
Lecturer(s): _Dr Oumar/Kada/Fotsing
Course Code: _MLTS2202_______ Course Title: _Human Pathology
Date: _05/07/2019_______Halls: __PBA07/08________Time: 8-10h__
Instructions:__Answer all questions beginning with any part of your choice.
PART I: 20 marks
SECTION A:
I-For each of the descriptions on the left, write the corresponding letter from the list of terms on the right: use
only the numbers and letters 4.5 marks
Descriptions
Terms
1 Deposition of calcium salts in dead or dying tiss
ue.
A. Atrophy
2 Is mediated by activation of caspases
3 Increase in the size of cells/tissues.
C. Hyperplasia
4 Replacement of one cell type with another
D. Apoptosis
5 Decrease in the size of cells/tissues.
E.(Coagulative) necrosis
6
Deposition of calcium salts in normal tissues
F. Metastatic calcification
7 Are responsible for lipid peroxidation & DNA damage
G. Dystrophic calcification
S Adaptive increase in the number of cells.
H. Free radical
9 Results in random and
diffuse DNA breakdown
I. Metaplasia
SECTION B: short answers questions
State 5 beneficial effects of acute inflammation 2.5marks
Stale 4 causes of chronic inflammation 4 marks
In a tabular form Compare and contrast acute and chronic inflammations. 3 marks
Examine pedigree below.
I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4 0.5 x 8 = 4marks
PART II: 20 Marks
Define the following terms: bradykinesia, endothelium, hypertension, free radicals, dementia (5 Marks)
What is cryptorchidism? Explained why cryptorchidism can lead to male infertility (3 Marks)
After giving the value of the normal blood pressure, describe the different types of hypertension according to the
level of the diastolic blood pressure (4 Marks)
Explained the pathophysiology of Arrhythmia (3 Marks)
Define infertility and describe the different characteristics of male infertility (5 Marks)
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Section A: Definition (5 marks)
Define the following terms: Occurrence, incubation, disease, infection and pathology
Section B:_Multiple choice. Choice the correct answer
1. What is the scientific name for any organism that
causes an infectious disease? a Vaccine b Protein c
Pathogen d Carbohydrate e. Lipid
2. Which type of pathogen is a small organism that
causes diseases including tuberculosis and cholera?
a. Virus b. Bacteria c. Parasite d Fungi e. None of
the Above
3. Which type of pathogen includes yeasts and
molds? a.Virus b. Bacteria c Parasite d. Fungi e.
None of the Above
4. Which type of pathogen consists of DNA with a
protective coating of protein? a. Virus b. Bacteria c.
Parasite d. Fungi e. None of the Above
5. Which type of pathogen is an organism that lives
off its host and causes malaria? a.Virus b. Bacteria
c. Parasite d Fungi e. None of the Above
6. In what way is malaria usually transmitted to
humans? a.Contaminated food or water b Insect bite
c. Direct contact d. Indirect contact e. It's not a
contagious disease
7) In what way is salmonella usually transmitted to
humans? a. Contaminated food or water b. Insect
bite c. Direct contact d. Indirect contact e. It's not a
contagious disease
8. Which of the following transmission methods
includes shaking hands? a. Contaminated food or
water b. Insect bite c. Direct contact d. Indirect
contact
9. Which of the following types of disease is not an
infectious disease? a. Autoimmune b. Lifestyle c.
Disorder d. Heart disease e. All of the Above
10. Which of the following is an example of
infectious disease? a. Type 1 diabetes b. High blood
pressure c. Alcoholism d. Depression e. Multiple
sclerosis
11.Which of the following factors play a key role in
likelihood of infectious disease acquisition?
a. Genetic profile b. Human behavior c.
Environmental conditions d. All of the above
e. a. and b. above
12. The portal of entry and exit for most infectious
diseases, including HIV, is the same: a. True b
False
13 Virulence is the: a Ability to cause clinical
disease b. Ability to cause severe disease c.The
ability to evoke an immune response d. All of the
above e. a. and b. above
14. An infectious disease agent may cause: a. No
infection b. Subclinical infection c. Clinical
infection d. All of the above e. b. and c. above
15. Septicemia is: a.Acute illness caused by agents
circulating in the blood b.Infection in a previously
healthy person c.Caused by secondary infection
d.An example of the carrier state e. b. and d. above
20. The incubation period is the interval between:
a. The time of infection and death b. Appearance of
clinical symptoms and death c. The time of
infection and appearance of clinical symptoms d.
Time of infection and appearance of antibodies
e. Time of infection and the appearance of IgM
agent specific immunoglobulins
21. A “fomite” is: a.An agent conducting aerosol
b.A blanket, door handle or other inanimate article
on the surface of which the agent resides c.A vector
between an arthropod and the susceptible host d.An
agent bearing substance that is eaten or drunk e. b
and d above
22. A reduction in which of the following factors
will reduce the rate of spread of an epidemic?
a. Transmission probability per contact b. Contact
rate c. Duration of infectiousness d. All of the
above e. a. and c. above
23. As an epidemic spreads in a closed population,
the number of susceptibles will: a. Increase b.
Decrease c. Stabilize
24. The higher the reproductive number the more
effective the intervention must be to reduce the
spread of the agent: a. True b. False
25. The persistence of an epidemic depends on: a.
Births, b. Immigration c.The conversion of
susceptible to immunes d. All of the above e. a. and
b. above
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