INT

RODUCTION TO HUMAN PATHOLOGY/ CELL INJURY

1. Hyperplasia is primarily operative in which of the following growth alterations?

a) Appearance of affected kidney in renovascular hypertension

b) Thickened bladder wall in a pt with urethral obstruction

c) Barrett's esophagus in a pt with gastroesophageal reflux

d) Enlarged left atrium in a pt with severe mitral stenosis

e) Galactorrhea in a woman with a prolactinoma

2. Which of the following disorders is an example of Coagulation necrosis?

(SaO2)?

a) Carbon monoxide poisoning

b) iron deficiency anemia

c) Decreased cardiac output

d) Respiratory acidosis

e) Cyanide poisoning

4. Which of the following disorders is an example of metaplasia?

a) Increased Goblet cells in mainstem bronchus of a smoker

b) squamous epithelium in the mainstem bronchus of a smoker

c) Proliferative endometrial glands in a woman on unopcssed estrogen

d) Enlarged left atrium in a pt with severe mitral stenosis

e) Galactorrhea in a woman with a prolactinoma

6. Which of the following disorders is an example of Coagulation necrosis?

a) Lobar pneumonia in an alcoholic

b) Hepatic absecess in a pt with amebiasis

c) Pseudomembranous colitis in a pt on ampicillin

d) Diminished brain mass in a pt with Alzheimer's disease

e) Embolus to the superior mesenteric artery leading to bowel infarction

7. In which of the following diseases would you expect a low arterial PO2 and a low oxygen saturation

(SaO2)?

a) Increased Goblet cells in mainstem bronchus of a smoker

b) squamous epithelium in the mainstem bronchus of a smoker

c) Proliferative endometrial glands in a woman on unopossed estrogen

d) Hyperkeratosis of the skin in a pt with Psoriasis

e) Multinucleated giant cells in a granuloma

9. Concerning the overview of the cell injury:

a) Cell actively control the composition of their immediate environment but not their intracellular

milieu

b) Under physiological stresses or pathological stimuli/ cells are unable to undergo adaptation to

c) Aging and genetic defects

d) Mitosis and meiosis

11. The following biochemical mechanisms can lead to cell injury

a) Loss of energy

b)Mitochondria] damage

c) Defect in plasma membrane permeability

d) Loss of calcium homeostasis

e) The interruption of cell division

12.The most common morphological apparent adaptive changes are

a) Atrophy

b) Transport of materials

c) Scavenging of pathogens

d) The organization of variety of energy

e) The maintenance of steady state

14. The following diseases are environmental diseases

a) Life style diseases

b) The disease cause by exposure to chemicals

c) The disease cause by physical factors

d) The disease cause by gene defects

15. Concerning the human genome

a) If a genetic mutation is dominant the gene must be inherited

b) If the disorder is recessive the defective gene must be inherited from both parents

c) One who inherits a single recessive mutation cannot pass the gene to his or her off springs

d) A disease linked to a gene defect on the X chromosome, meaning that the disease essentially as

recessive inheritance in women and dominance in men

17. The following diseases are abnormalities of autosomal chromosome

a) The "cri du chat" syndrome

b) The velocardiofacial syndrome

c) The down syndrome

d) The klinefelter syndrome

II. Give a brief definition of the following words

Pathology; disease; pathologist, diagnosis; diagnose

III. Diagnoses are made by three general categories of physicians or care providers. Complete the

following table giving the corresponding physician to the description.

Diagnose physician

Identify diseases by examining the patient history

Identify diseases by examining the cell and the tissues removed from the body

Identify diseases by imaging the intact body

IV. For each of the features described below, write the name of the corresponding cellular junction:

Facilitates intercellular communication by small molecules

Is an intercellular junction connected to intermediate Filaments

V. Roughly sketch the cross-section of a mitochondrion and label the following: cristae, matrix,

mitochondrial DNA, and the membrane on which porins reside.

VI. For each of the descriptions below, choose between microvilli and cilia:

Description Microvilli or Cilia

Has a well-

Is a component of the "brush border"

VII. For each of the descriptions on the left, write the corresponding letter from the list of terms on the

right:

Descriptions Terms

Decrease in the size of cells/tissues.

Deposition of calcium salts in normal tissues