Lower Plants (BOTS2101)
Biological Science - BS
Semester: First Semester
Level: 200
Year: 2013
THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2013
BOTS2101: LOWER PLANTS
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS
PART I BACTERIA AND ALGAE
1 Without comments, name the three ways by which bacteria exchange genes. (3 marks)
2- Write the general equations of photosynthesis of a purple sulphur bacteria and that of a cyanobacteria.
Then in one sentence, give one difference of the process between both groups of organisms. (3 marks)
3- In one sentence give the difference: ( 3 marks)
a) lower and higher plants
b) Thallophytes and cormophytes
c) Monera and protista
d) Green and brown algae plastid,
e) Starch and paramylon
4- Give one example of algae that have:
a) Isokont flagella
b) Heterekont flagella
c) Monogenetic life cycle
d) Coccoid unicellular thallus
5- Concerning the accessories pigments of red and blue algae, feel the following table. (3 marks)
Group of Algae Main assesory
pigment
Natural color Color in fluorescence
light
Red algae
Blue algae
6- Where in the life cycle of green algae does the chromosome number change from n to 2n and vice versa.
(1 mark)
7- ln a table classify the following parts of bacteria cell into permanent and facultative elements: flagella,
nuclei, plasmid, mesosome, capsule, cell wall, pili, cell membrane. (3 marks)
8- Give the roles of vacuoles in algae cell. (2 marks)
9- Draw and annoted the plastid of Spirogyra sp. (2 marks)
10- Name two genera of algae that are used to manufacture Agar. (2 marks)
11. For each sentence (or word) in the left, pick its sweetable complementary in the right . used only
numbers and letters. (2. 5marks)
1. Assessories a) has a significant protein and vitamine
2. Holdfast contains
3. Heterotrichous b) colourless nitrogen fixing cells
4. Spiruline c) prothallus
5. Heterocyte d) Obtained more energy
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e) Attached the algae on the rock
PART 2: FUNGI AND VIRUS
1a) List four characteristics of fungi? (2mks)
b) With the use of a table only, distinguish between the following ; (7 mks)
i) Oomycetes and Basidiomycetes
ii) Isogamy and Anisogamy
iii) Heterokaryosis and Parasexuality
iv) Plasmogamy and Karyogamy
v) Gametangial contact and Gametangial copulation
vi) Apothecium and Perithecium
vii) Lichens and Mycorrhizae
c) In a table form only, list synonyms to the following terms;
i) Cocnocytic mycelium ii) Sac fungi iii) Club fungi iv) Common bread mould (2 mks)
d) what is the similarity between;
i) Fungi and Insects? (1 mk)
ii) Fungi and Plants? (1 mk)
e) Using annotated diagrams only, explain the life cycle of a named Zygomycetes (3 mks)
2a) Define a virus? (1 mk)
b) Draw and label the structure of a virus (3 mks)
c) Lists four criteria used for virus classification (2mks)
d) Compare and contrast the uses of fungi and viruses (5mks)
PART 3: LICHENS AND BRYOPHYTES
12. Which are the three lineages that constitute the bryophytes. 3 marks
13. Name two apomorphies of liverworts. 2 marks
14. The liverworts are also called the ..A…. and are grouped into two morphological forms which are ….B….
and ….C…. 3 marks
15. Define the following words and state their functions. 5 marks
a. Elaters
b. Operculum
c. Calyptra
d. Peristome teeth
e. Soridia
16. What are lichens? State the three types of lichens and give examples in each case. 4 marks.
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