Lower Plants (BOTS2101)
Biological Science - BS
Semester: First Semester
Level: 200
Year: 2013
THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2013
BOTS2101: LOWER PLANTS
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CHRONOLOGICALLY
1- You have the following two groups of words or expressions
Group A: I) Coenocytic hyphea, II) septated hyphae; III) external spores, IV) internal spores, V) no
flagella, VI) biflagellated spore, VII) uniflagellated spores, VIII) unknown sexual reproduction.
Group B: A) oomycota, B) Basidiomycota, C) Ascomycota, D) zygomycota, E) Deutoryomycota, F)
chytriodymycota
Group those of group A so that they give characteristics of fungi phyla in group B using only numbers and
letters. Example: E= II+VII (5x1 marks)
2. Penicillium notatum is an important species of fungi recognized since the second Wkorld War
1a) For what is it important? (1 mark) ( 2 lines maximum)
1b) Give its phylum, class and order (1.5 marks)
3. In one word each, named the asexual reproduction in Saccharomycotina and in
Schizosaccharomycotina (1 mark)
4. When a slice of bread is left in moisture conditions for several days, cottony structure with black
bulge at the tip growth on it; this structure is a fungi.
5. Draw a monokaryotic hyphae and a complete dikaryotic hyphae. (2 marks)
5. True or False (2 marks)
5a) Fungi resemble Algae in that both contain chlorophyll.
5b) Chytridiomycota resemble Zygomycota in that both have coenocytic hyphae
5c) Myxomycota exhibits characteristics of both animals and fungi.
5d) All fungi are saprobic.
6. Match words or terms in list A with those in list B using only numbers and letters.
List A: 1) Imperfect fungi, 2) Aspergilus flavus, 3) rust fungi, 4) smut fungi , 5) yeast. (2.5 marks)
….
List B: a) aflatoxine, b) beer, c) Ustilaginomycotina, d) Deuteromycota, e) Pucciniomycotina
Algology and Bacteria
7- Illustrate with example of species the following mode of fertilization in Algae: a) cystogemy, b)
anisogamous planogamy, c) isogamous planogamy, d) trychogamy. (4 marks)
8- Red and blue algae possess a common group of pigment. What is this group ? In a tabular form,
give the specific pigment of this group belonging to each group of the above algoae with their natural
color and color in fluorescent light. (3.5 marks)
9- Illustrate the following mode of flagellation in algae. a) anisokont, b) stephanokont, c) isokont.
(1.5 marks)
10. Give the name of one species of algae that is: a) eaten by humans, b) used in syrups as thickener, c) in
production of aga; d) poisoning with higher concentration of arsenic. (2 marks)
11. Give without comments the different modes of gene exchange in Bacteria. (1.5 marks).
12-a) What is the difference between archaebacteria and Eubacterial? B) these ttwo groups belong to which
kingdom according to Whittaker (1967). (1.5 mark)
13- Mesozomes is a facultative part of bacteria cell; what is its role(1 mrak)
14- MCQ (5 marks)
14a- Coconut is a: A) Cryptogam, B) Bryophyte, C) Thallophyte, D) cormophyte
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14b)- which group of bacteria can thrive in extreme salinity? A) Eubacteria, B) thermoacidophile bacteria,
C) Halophiles bacteria, D) Methanogens bacteria.
14c- Which species of bacteria is used in biological control in agriculture? A) Spirulina sp, B) Bacillus
thuringiensis, C) Treponema pallidum
14d- Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms? A ) inert, B) metabolism, C)
reproduction, D) adaptation
14e- Flagella are not found in which of the following groups of algae? A) Rhodophyta, B) Chlorophyta, C)
Chromophyta , D) Euglenophyta.
15. An intimate symbiotic association between fungi and algae is known as? 1 mark
16. What is the usual fungal component of lichens found in the temperate region? 1 mark
17. Which is the lichen that forms crusts on tree barks and rocks? 1 mark
18. State one example of the fructicose lichen? 1 mark
19. What is the name given to the algal component of lichen? 1 mark
20. How will you classify lichens in relation to their habitat? 1 mark
21. the point of attachment of a lichen to it host plant is known as? 1 mark
22. State one importance of lichens to nature and to man? (2 marks)
23. what is another name for Cladonia rangiferina lichen? 1 mark
24. The organ in mosses that protect the young sporophyte apex is known as?: 1 mark
25. Which are the bud-like structures responsible for vegetative propagation in lichens? 1 mark
26. Why are lichens referred to as composite organisms? 1 mark
27. Draw a well labeled diagram showing the sporangium during spore dispersal (3 marks)
28. state two apomorphies of the liverworts (2 marks)
29. The liverworts are also called the ..A…… and are grouped into two morphological forms which are
….B… and …C…. ; classified in ….D… and ….classes. (5 marks)
30. Define the following words and state their functions . (5 marks)
a). Elaters (b) Operculum (c) Phylogetics (d) Gemmae cups (e) Pretonema
31. In table form give three differences between mosses and hornworts structure, symmetry and rhizoids. (3
marks)
32. Complete the following table related to the sporophyte of some bryophytes groups. (4 marks)
Liverworts Mosses
Dispersion of spores
Dehiscence
Stomata
Capsule form
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