Vertebrate Zoology (ZOOS2202)
Biological Science - BS
Semester: Second Semester
Level: 200
Year: 2017
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA
Peace-Work-Fatherland P. O. BOX 39 Bambili
School/Faculty: Science_______________________ Department: _Biological Sciences Lecturer(s): _Mr. Gangue
T. Dr Yana W. and Dr Ebangha Echi J.______________
Course Code: ZOOS2202____ Course Title: _Vertebrates Zoology
Date: _10/07/2018_______Hall: PBB08 & PBB05 _______Time: _2:30-5:30_______
Instructions: _ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS________________________________
Part I: 20 marks
1. Choose the correct answer. 14x0.5=7 marks.
1) Deuterostomians are organism in which Blastopore gives
a) mouth; b) anus; c) mouth and anus
2) Epineurians have
a) dorsal nervous system; b) superficial nervous system; c) a and b are true.
3) The Chordata is divided into:
a) protochordata and Vertebrata; b) Tunicata, Cephalochordata and Craniata; c) tunicata;
Protochordata and Cephalochordata.
4) Craniata have:
a) more species than Insecta; b) equal species like Insecta; c) less species than Insecta.
5) The neural crest is found in:
a) all animals; b) Epithelioneurians and Epineurians, c) Chordates; d) Vertebrates.
6) Cephalochordata group organisms with notochord visible at:
a) at the larval and adult stages; b) the posterior part of the larval stage; c) the posterior part of the
adult stage; d) anterior part of the body.
7) The first importance of vertebrates is due to:
a) its diversity; b) its number; c) the size of its members.
8) Hagfishes:
a) have paired appendages; b) are scavengers; c) have 7 gill openings; d) are mostly blind; e) with
around 17 living species; f) around 43 living species.
9) Lampreys:
a) have no paired appendages; b) are scavengers; c) have 7 gill openings; d) are mostly blind; e)
with around 17living species; f) around 43 living species.
II. Remove the intruder 5x0.5=2.5 marks.
10. a) Ascidiacea, b) Thaliacea, c) Larvacea, d) Myxinoidea
11. a) Placodermi, b) Ostracodermi, c) Chondrichthyes, d) Acanthodii, e) Osteichthyes
12. a) Acanthodii, b) Chondricthyes, c) Osteichthyes
13. a) Cladoselachii, b) Selachii, c) Antiarchi, d) Bradyodonti, e) Holocephali
14. a) Diphycercal, b) moncercal, c) heterocercal, d) homocercal.
III. From Agnatha to Gnatosthomata, which organ evolved to give what? 2 marks
IV. Give the scientific importance and an example of Dlipneusti. 2 marks
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V. Which part of the brain of Pisces is the most developed? Give the consequence at the. level, of their
aptitude 2 marks
VI- Evolution of reproduction within Pisces. (in no more than 6 lines). 4.5 marks
Part II: (20 marks)
1- Amphibians are considered as a transitional group between aquatic vertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates.
Justify this statement. According to evolutionary perspective, amphibians from the more evolved fishes.
Give the name of the more evolved group of fishes and the main character which distinguishes them from
other fish groups. (3+1+1=5 marks)
2- Give the main criteria which allow zoologists to subdivide Reptilia class in subclasses. (2 marks)
3- Give the major element that distinguishes the reptiles, birds and mammals from other vertebrates (2
marks)
4- Define the term metamorphosis and in which group of vertebrates metamorphosis occurs? (1+1=2
marks)
5- Define the term paedomorphosis, in which group of animals paedomorphosis occurs? According to you,
what is the cause of paedomorphosis? How you can solve the paedomorphosis problem in these animals?
(1+1+2+2= 6 marks)
6- Squamate reptiles have a kinetic skull; what does it means? What is the advantage of these vertebrates
having kinetic skull? (1+2=3 marks)
Part III (30 marks)
1- The archosaur group that is most closely related to the ancestor of birds include the:
a-Saurichians; b-Theropods; c-Ornithisthians; d-Pterosaurs.
2- Birds that are active immediately after hatching are known as:
a-Altricial; b-Precocial; c- Cambered; d-Polygynous.
3- Along with an inability to sense the earth’s magnetic field, birds also find their way during migration by:
a-Olfactory cues; b- Auditory cues; c- Visual cues; d- Tactile cues.
4- Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bird reproduction?
A- fertilization, addition of albumin, formation of shell; b-formation of shell, addition of albumin,
fertilization; c- fertilization, addition of shell, addition of albumin; d- addition of albumin, fertilization,
addition of shell.
5- Most birds practice seasonal ---- due to the necessity of caring for the young:
a- polyandry; b-monogamy; c- polygyny; d- polygamy.
6- Fused collarbones in birds also known as a wishbone is called:
a-furculum; b- sternum; c-scapula; d-ribs.
7- Feathers are modified ----used for flight and conserving body heat:
a-hair; b-nails; c-skin cells; d-scales.
8- This habit birds practice involves rubbing their feathers with oil using their beaks:
a-preening; b-grooming; c-moutling; d-mating.
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9- Which of the following is a defining characteristic of mammals?
a-maintain a constant body temperature above that of their surroundings; b- their young are born
alive; c- they suckle their young; d- they have four limbs
10. Which of the following statements about hair is true?
a- it is homologous to feathers; b- it is a dermal structure; c- it is found in all mammals; d- it is
possessed by all endotherms.
11- Like reptiles and birds, mammals have ----kidneys:
a-mesonephric; b- aglomerular; c-metamephric; d-unpaired
12-Hair, horns and nails are all composed of:
a-carotenes; b-keratin; c-cerumen; d-colostrum.
13- The functions of the vibrissae are for---
a-colouration; b-insulation; c-protection against wear; d-sensation.
14. Mammals have teeth that are differentiated into a variety of tooth types. This condition is known as ---:
a-diphyodont; b- heterodont; c-monodont; d-homodont.
15. Which of the following is not a ruminant?
a-horse; b-cow; c- bisond d-goat
16- Unlike birds and reptiles, mammals’ possess 3 bones in the middle ear:
a-True; b-false
17. Some herbivores like rabbits eat their faeces to aid in complete digestion:
a- True b-False
18. All gases exchanged between air and blood in mammals occur across the walls of the:
a-trachea; b- bronchi; c-alveoli; d-bronchioles.
19. In thoracic breathing, inhalation is the result of:
a-contracting internal intercostals muscles; b-contracting external intercostals muscles; c-contracting
muscles attached to the sternum; d-relaxation.
20. Mammals can live anywhere and be successful because they are:
a-ectotherms; b-endotherms; c-placental; d- marsupials.
21- Large mammals usually have how many offspring at a time:
a-3; b-5; c-many; d-1.
22. Hibernation is a winter period of inactivity in which:
a-there is shivering thermogenesis; b-mammals dissipate excess heat; c-the hypothalamus of the
brain slows the metabolic, heart and respiratory rates; d-none of the above.
23. Pheromones secreted by mammals are used for all except:
a-recognize members of the opposite sex; b- recognize species; c-recognize the reproductive state of
the opposite sex; d-non-shivering thermogenesis
24.Mammalian viviparity is advantages because:
a-females are not necessarily tied to a single nest site; b- females can roam about to find food; c-
females can migrate to find a proper climate; d-a, b, c are all correct; e-none is correct.
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25. The period during which development is arrested just after fertilization in mammals is:
a-aestivation; b-menstruation; c-embryonic diapauses; d-hibernation
26. The following are advantages of embryonic diapauses:
a-it allows the mother to give birth and mate within a short time; b-it allows young to be born at a
time when resources favour their survival; c-it ensures that an animal can hibernate during
pregnancy; d-a,b,c are correct.
27. All of the following except ---- is important for mammalian communication:
a-visual cues; b- pheromones; c- auditory and tactile cues d-migration.
28. The main nitrogenous waste of mammalian is---
a-mmonia; b-urea; c-uric acid; d- ketones.
29. The highest order of Class Mammalia is:
a-Order Carnivora; b-Order Rodentia; c-Order Primates; d-Order Proscidea.
30. In ruminant herbivorous mammals, the order of the arrangement of the stomach is:
a-rumen, reticulum, omasum,abomasums; b- rumen, omasum, reticulum, abomasums; c-
omasum,abomasums, reticulum,rumen; d- abomasums, rumen, omasum, reticulum.
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